1 Samuel 4:19

Authorized King James Version

And his daughter in law, Phinehas' wife, was with child, near to be delivered: and when she heard the tidings that the ark of God was taken, and that her father in law and her husband were dead, she bowed herself and travailed; for her pains came upon her.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וְכַלָּת֣וֹ
And his daughter in law
a bride (as if perfect); hence, a son's wife
#2
אֵשֶׁת
wife
a woman
#3
פִּֽינְחָס֮
Phinehas
pinechas, the name of three israelites
#4
הָרָ֣ה
was with child
pregnant
#5
וַתֵּ֔לֶד
herself and travailed
to bear young; causatively, to beget; medically, to act as midwife; specifically, to show lineage
#6
וַתִּשְׁמַ֣ע
and when she heard
to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)
#7
אֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#8
הַשְּׁמוּעָ֔ה
the tidings
something heard, i.e., an announcement
#9
אֶל
that
near, with or among; often in general, to
#10
הִלָּקַח֙
was taken
to take (in the widest variety of applications)
#11
אֲר֣וֹן
the ark
a box
#12
הָֽאֱלֹהִ֔ים
of God
gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of
#13
וּמֵ֥ת
were dead
to die (literally or figuratively); causatively, to kill
#14
חָמִ֖יהָ
and that her father in law
a father-in-law (as in affinity)
#15
וְאִישָׁ֑הּ
and her husband
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
#16
וַתִּכְרַ֣ע
she bowed
to bend the knee; by implication, to sink, to prostrate
#17
וַתֵּ֔לֶד
herself and travailed
to bear young; causatively, to beget; medically, to act as midwife; specifically, to show lineage
#18
כִּֽי
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
#19
נֶהֶפְכ֥וּ
came
to turn about or over; by implication, to change, overturn, return, pervert
#20
עָלֶ֖יהָ
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#21
צִרֶֽיהָ׃
for her pains
a throe (as a phys. or mental pressure)

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine sovereignty contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of the literary conventions and historical circumstances of biblical literature shapes this text's meaning. The historical development of salvation within the theological tradition of 1 Samuel Understanding the ancient worldview that shaped the author's theological expression helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes divine sovereignty in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection

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